Gabatarwa:-

Tun farkon zamanin masana'antu, fitilun fitilu sun kasance mafi tasiri a kowane lokaci.Samun tushen haske akai-akai banda wuta wanda zai gudana akan wutar lantarki babban tsalle ne ga ci gaban bil'adama.Akwai dogon tarihi tun daga lokacin da muke zuwa inda muke a yanzu dangane da wutar lantarki da fitulu.

Ƙirƙirar wutar lantarki, baturi da wutar lantarki wani alfanu ne ga ɗan adam.Daga injuna masu amfani da tururi zuwa roka don aikin wata, mun cimma kowane ci gaba da wutar lantarki.Amma don yin amfani da wutar lantarki, mun gano cewa mun cinye albarkatun ƙasa da yawa har ya zuwa yanzu lokaci ya yi da za mu nemi wasu hanyoyin samun wutar lantarki.

Mun yi amfani da ruwa da iska don samar da wutar lantarki, amma tare da gano gawayi, amfani da hanyoyin da ake sabunta su ya ragu.Sannan, a shekara ta 1878, William Armstrong ya kera injin turbin na farko mai amfani da ruwa, wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki daga ruwan da ke gudana.Babbar matsalar da ta shafi hanyoyin samar da makamashin da ake sabuntawa ita ce, yana ɗaukar abubuwa da yawa kafin a girka shi amma yana ba da kuzari kaɗan kaɗan.

Anan a cikin duniyar zamani, kalmomin "Ajiye Ma'aikata" da "Ajiye Hasken Rana" sun wanzu.Kara karantawa a cikin labarin don gano sabbin hanyoyin adanawa da rage amfani da makamashi.

Adana hasken rana:-

Idan ka tambayi duk wani mai hankali ko wane gida zai fi so tsakanin wanda ke da cikakken wanka da hasken rana da kuma wanda ke da doguwar gine-gine, za ka samu amsar cewa wanda ya yi wanka da hasken rana zai fi inganci.Dalilin da ke bayan haka shine cewa ba kwa buƙatar damuwa da kwararan fitila lokacin da rana ke sama da ku don samar da haske.

Ajiye hasken rana, a cikin sauƙi, ana ɗaukarsa azaman adana makamashi ta hanyar amfani da hasken rana don samar da haske ga gidan.Bari mu fahimci kalmar dalla-dalla game da gini da na'urori masu auna firikwensin.

Canje-canje a cikin Gine-gine:-

Mun dai koyi cewa za mu iya ajiye makamashi bisa yin amfani da hasken rana maimakon kwararan fitila.Don haka kawai batun zaɓin hasken rana ne akan hasken wucin gadi.Amma a cikin gandun daji na kankare, musamman a ƙananan wurare, za ku iya ganin cewa hasken rana yana da ƙarancin gaske a wurin.

Ko a saman benaye, wani lokaci yana da wuya a iya kama hasken rana yayin da manyan gine-ginen ke kewaye da juna, suna toshe rana.Amma a zamanin yau, akwai tagogi, fale-falen fale-falen, da madubai masu nuni ga bango da rufi yayin zayyana gidaje.Ta wannan hanyar, zai jagoranci mafi girman haske a cikin gidan don adana makamashi yadda ya kamata.

Photocell:-

Photocell ko na'urar daukar hoto wani nau'in na'ura ne wanda zai iya jin hasken daki.Akwai na'urori masu auna haske na yanayi waɗanda ke manne da kwan fitila.Bari mu ɗauki misali na asali don fahimtar menene photocell.Lokacin da ka matsar da wayarka daga hasken hannu zuwa haske ta atomatik, za ka ga cewa wayar tana daidaita haske daidai da hasken da ke kewaye.

Wannan fasalin yana ceton ku daga rage matakin hasken wayar da hannu a duk lokacin da kuke cikin yanayin da ke da haske mai yawa.Dalilin da ke tattare da wannan sihiri shi ne, an makala wasu photodiodes zuwa nunin wayar ku, wanda ke tattara adadin haske kuma yana watsa wutar lantarki daidai da haka.

Hakanan, idan aka yi amfani da kwararan fitila, zai zama babbar hanya don adana makamashi.Kwan fitilar zai gano lokacin da yake buƙatar kunnawa, don haka zai iya adana daloli marasa adadi idan aka yi amfani da shi a duk duniya.Wani muhimmin fasali na wannan na'ura shi ne cewa tana iya kwaikwayi haske da haske da ake buƙata don idon ɗan adam, don haka yana aiki daidai.Ɗayan ƙarin na'ura da aka ƙara zuwa photocell shine firikwensin zama.Bari mu ci gaba da nutsewa game da menene hakan.

Na'urori masu aunawa:-

Lallai kun ga jajayen fitilun da za su yi kyalkyali a cikin banɗaki, falon gida da dakunan taro.Wataƙila akwai lokacin da za ku yi tunanin cewa dole ne a sami kyamarar leken asiri inda gwamnati ke leken asirin mutane.Har ma ya harba makirci da yawa game da wadannan kyamarori na leken asiri.

To, ga takaicin ku, waɗancan na'urorin firikwensin zama.Don yin sauƙi, an tsara su don gano mutanen da suka wuce ko kuma su zauna a wani daki.

Na'urar hasashe ta zama nau'i biyu ne:-

1. Infrared firikwensin

2. Ultrasonic firikwensin.

3. Microwave firikwensin

Suna aiki kamar haka:-

1. Infrared Sensor:-

Waɗannan su ne ainihin na’urori masu auna zafi, kuma an ƙirƙira su ne don kunna wutar lantarki don kunna kwan fitila idan mutum ya wuce.Yana gano sauye-sauye na mintina a cikin zafi don haka ya haskaka ɗakin.Babban koma baya ga wannan firikwensin shine cewa ba zai iya gano wani abu da ya wuce ba.

2. Ultrasonic sensosi:-

Don shawo kan kurakuran na'urori masu auna firikwensin infrared, ana haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin ultrasonic zuwa babban canji.Suna gano motsi kuma suna watsa wutar lantarki wanda ke kunna kwan fitila.Wannan yana da matukar tsanani kuma mai tsanani, kuma ko da motsi kadan zai iya kunna kwan fitila.Hakanan ana amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin Ultrasonic a cikin ƙararrawar tsaro.

Idan ana maganar amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin, galibi ana amfani da su a lokaci guda kuma ana haɗa su tare ta yadda za'a iya rage hasken wuta kuma a sami ceton kuzari sannan kuma babu rashin jin daɗi lokacin da kuke buƙatar haske.

Ƙarshe:-

Idan ya zo ga tanadin makamashi, ko da ƙananan matakai kamar tafiya ɗan ɗan gajeren lokaci maimakon ɗaukar mota, kashe na'urar sanyaya iska lokacin da ba a buƙata ba yana da matukar mahimmanci kuma yana taimakawa sosai.

Sakamakon kuskuren ɗan adam da rashin kashe fitulu a lokacin da ba a buƙata ba, an kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 60% na lissafin wutar lantarki za a iya adanawa ga wuraren da ke buƙatar ta na wani takamaiman lokaci, kamar wani yanki na hallway ko bandaki.

Ya kamata kowa ya yi alƙawarin shigar da hasken wuta tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin kamar zama da kuma photocells saboda ba za su ceci kuɗi kawai ba amma har ma suna taimaka mana don kyakkyawar makoma tare da ƙarancin kuzari da ingantaccen amfani.